Marcus Manilius (fl. 1st century AD) was a Roman poet, astrologer, and author of a poem in five books called Astronomica.CriticismThe author of Astronomica is neither quoted nor mentioned by any ancient writer. Even his name is uncertain, but it was probably Marcus Manilius; in the earlier books the author is anonymous, the later give Manilius, Manlius, Mallius.
The poem itself implies that the writer lived under Augustus or Tiberius, and that he was a citizen of and resident in Rome. According to the early 1700s classicist, Richard Bentley he was an Asiatic Greek; according to the 19th-century classicist Fridericus Jacob an African. His work is one of great learning; he had studied his subject in the best writers, and generally represents the most advanced views of the ancients on astronomy (or rather astrology).Manilius frequently imitates Lucretius, whom he resembles in earnestness and originality and in the power of enlivening the dry bones of his subject. Although his diction presents some peculiarities, the style is metrically correct.The astrological systems of houses, linking human affairs with the circuit of the zodiac, have evolved over the centuries, but they make their first appearance in Astronomicon. The earliest datable surviving horoscope that uses houses in its interpretation is slightly earlier, c. Claudius Ptolemy (c.
AD 130 - 170), the father of classical astrology, almost completely ignored houses (Templa as Manlius calls them) in his astrological text, Tetrabiblos.Textual historyJulius Firmicus Maternus, who wrote in the time of Constantine, exhibits so many points of resemblance with the work of Manilius that he must either have used him or have followed some work that Manilius also followed. As Firmicus says that hardly any Roman except 'Caesar' (by whom he almost certainly means Germanicus Caesar rather than Julius Caesar), Cicero and Fronto had treated the subject, it is probable that he did not know the work of Manilius. The latest event referred to in the poem is the great defeat of Varus by Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9). The fifth book was not written until the reign of Tiberius; the work appears to be incomplete, and was probably never published, for it was never quoted by any subsequent writer.Two manuscripts of Astronomicon made in the 10th and 11th centuries lay hidden in monasteries, one at Gembloux in Brabant (now in Brussels) and another that has come to rest in the library at Leipzig. The unknown text was rediscovered by the humanist Poggio Bracciolini somewhere not very far from Constance, during a break in the sessions of the Council of Constance that he was attending, in 1416 or 1417. The editio princeps of Astronomicon was prepared by the astronomer Regiomontanus, using very corrupted manuscripts, and published in Nuremberg about 1473. The text was critically edited by Joseph Justus Scaliger, whose edition appeared at Paris in 1579 and a second edition, collated with much better manuscripts, at Leiden in 1600.
A greatly improved edition was published by Richard Bentley in 1739. The edition of A.E. Housman, published in five volumes from 1903 to 1930, is considered the authoritative edition, although some may find G.P. Goold's edition for the Loeb Classical Library (Harvard, 1977) less intimidating. The first full length monograph in English on Manilius appeared in 2009.
Contents.Discussion CriticismThe author of Astronomica is neither quoted normentioned by any ancient writer. Even his name is uncertain, but itwas probably Marcus Manilius; in the earlier books the author isanonymous, the later give Manilius, Manlius, Mallius. The poemitself implies that the writer lived under or, and that he was a citizen of andresident in. According tohe was an Asiatic Greek; according to F. Jacob an African. His workis one of great learning; he had studied his subject in the bestwriters, and generally represents the most advanced views of theancients on(or rather ).Manilius frequently imitates, whom he resembles in earnestnessand originality and in the power of enlivening the dry bones of hissubject.
Although his diction presents some peculiarities, thestyle is metrically correct.The astrological systems of, linking human affairs withthe circuit of the,have evolved over the centuries, but they make their firstappearance in Astronomicon. The earliest datable survivinghoroscope that uses houses in its interpretation is slightlyearlier, c. AD 130 - 170), the father of classical astrology, almostcompletely ignored houses ( Templa as Manlius calls them)in his astrological text, Tetrabiblos. Textualhistory, whowrote in the time of, exhibits so many points ofresemblance with the work of Manilius that he must either have usedhim or have followed some work that Manilius also followed. AsFirmicus says that hardly any Roman except 'Caesar' (by whom healmost certainly means rather than ), and had treated the subject,it is probable that he did not know the work of Manilius. Thelatest event referred to in the poem is the great defeat of by in the (AD 9). The fifth book was not written until the reignof Tiberius; the work appears to be incomplete, and was probablynever published, for it was never quoted by any subsequentwriter.Two manuscripts of Astronomicon made in the 10th and11th centuries lay hidden in monasteries, one at Gembloux inBrabant (now in Brussels) and another that has come to rest in thelibrary at Leipzig.
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The unknown text was rediscovered by thehumanist somewhere not very farfrom Constance, during a break in the sessions of the that he was attending, in 1416 or 1417. Theeditio princeps of Astronomicon was prepared bythe astronomer, using very corruptedmanuscripts, and published in about 1473. The text was criticallyedited by, whoseedition appeared at Paris in 1579 and a second edition, collatedwith much better manuscripts, at Leiden in 1600. A greatly improvededition was published by in 1739. The edition of, published in five volumes from 1903 to 1930, isconsidered the authoritative edition, although some may find G.P.Goold's edition for the (Harvard,1977) less intimidating.An English translation into rhyming couplets by waspublished in 1697. Externallinks.
Marcus Manilius
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